These can be introduced during production, either as a result of incorrect operation of the equipment or due to an incorrect welding setup. Welds can contain a multitude of different defects. When pipelines are welded, these welds are often the weak spots where damage is more likely. Regular inspection of pipelines used for transporting gas, oil or other chemicals is essential to prevent costly leaks and spills, and to ensure compliance with safety standards. Inspections using ultrasonic flaw detectors address these concerns and detect weld defects fast, with high precision and without harmful radiation. However, radiography carries important safety concerns due to the use of harmful X-rays. Radiographic inspection is often used for pipeline inspection and is commonly seen as a gold standard. Furthermore, so-called dissimilar-material welds, which are frequently used to create components with improved or tailor-engineered properties, can be hard to inspect. Many types of defects can lower the strength of a weld, forming possible locations for pipeline failure. When inspecting pipelines, welds require special attention.
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